Debian SID Opendkim Installation and Configuration Woes November 19, 2016
LinuxOpendkim
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TL;DR Opendkim. Hats off the to folk who do marvelous packing 99.99999% percent of the time.

But sometimes they just get it wrong or at least all documentation regarding the package, does not match up with the behavior the packager intended.
That said, hopefully i will help solve some of these issues here.

I assume you have postfix already working and you are just looking to add dkim support.

Install opendkim

apt-get install opendkim opendkim-tools

Configure systemd service file

cat > /lib/systemd/system/opendkim.service <<EOT
[Unit]
Description=OpenDKIM DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) Milter
Documentation=man:opendkim(8) man:opendkim.conf(5) man:opendkim-genkey(8) man:opendkim-genzone(8) man:opendkim-testadsp(8) man:opendkim-testkey http://www.opendkim.org/docs.html
After=network.target nss-lookup.target 

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/etc/default/opendkim
Type=forking
PIDFile=/var/run/opendkim/opendkim.pid
User=opendkim
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/opendkim -P /var/run/opendkim/opendkim.pid -p $SOCKET
Restart=on-failure
ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR1 $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOT

The specific changes here are lines #9 EnvironmentFile #13 -p $SOCKET

Defaults File

cat > /etc/default/opendkim <<EOT
SOCKET="inet:12301@localhost"
EOT

Opendkim Config file

cat > /etc/opendkim <<EOT
Mode                sv
Syslog              yes
SyslogSuccess       yes
LogWhy              yes
#Socket              inet:12301@localhost
Umask               002
SendReports         yes
SoftwareHeader      yes
Canonicalization    relaxed/relaxed
Selector            default
MinimumKeyBits      1024
KeyTable            refile:/etc/dkimkeys/KeyTable
SigningTable        refile:/etc/dkimkeys/SigningTable
ExternalIgnoreList  refile:/etc/dkimkeys/TrustedHosts
OversignHeaders     From
TrustAnchorFile     /usr/share/dns/root.key
EOT

Specific changes here are lines #7 hashed out socket file,  it simply does not work.
The only way to get opendkim to honour this setting is passing it to the command line #13 of the service file.

Modify /etc/postfix/main.cf and add/edit the following lines

smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:12301
non_smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:12301

Create referenced folders for your open dkim keys

mkdir -vp /etc/dkimkeys/keys

TrustedHosts

cat > /etc/dkimkeys/TrustHosts <<EOT
127.0.0.1
::1
localhost
example.com
*.exmaple.com
EOT

SingingTable

cat > /etc/dkimkeys/SigningTable <<EOT
*@exmaple.com default._domainkey.example.com
EOT

KeyTable

cat> /etc/dkimkeys/KeyTable <<EOT
default._domainkey.example.com example.com:default:/etc/dkimkeys/keys/default.private
EOT

Create private/public key for signing

cd /etc/dkimkeys/keys
opendkim-genkey -s default

Your directory should now look like this

Opendkim Treeview of files

Tell systemd to reload the the daemon files and restart

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart opendkim
systemctl restart postfix

DNS

Now go modify your DNS, adding a TXT record ‘default._domainkey’.
Copy and paste everything between the parenthesis. ( everything here ) into the value field of the TXT record

cat keys/default.txt 
default._dkim   IN      TXT     ( "v=DKIM1; k=rsa; "
          "p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIGNA....BIG LONG DIRTY HASH ....ciaxOhS24T4MFwIDAQAB" )  ; ----- DKIM key default for com

Enjoy

Other resources
https://www.google.com/search?q=opendkim+setup